[Answered] UTI NCLEX PEARSON QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, 2022/2023
UTI NCLEX PEARSON QUESTIONS A client is admitted to the emergency department for possible acute pyelonephritis. Which manifestation should the nurse consider to be consistent with this disorder? (Select all that apply.) A. Vomiting B. Urinary frequency C. Diarrhea D. Flank tenderness E. Nocturia Rationale: The nurse should monitor a client with suspected acute pyelonephritis for flank tenderness, vomiting, diarrhea, and urinary frequency. Other manifestations the client may present with are high fever, chills, costovertebral angle tenderness, and moderate to severe dehydration. Nocturia is a manifestation of cystitis, not acute pyelonephritis. The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which assessment finding supports this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.) A. Burning sensation on urination B. Clear urine C. Flank pain D. Hypothermia E. Abdominal pain Rationale: Assessment findings that support the diagnosis of a UTI include abdominal pain, flank pain, and a burning sensation when urinating. Cloudy, dark, foul-smelling urine is also expected with a UTI. Hyperthermia (fever), not hypothermia, supports the diagnosis of a UTI. The nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which condition should the nurse determine as a possible cause? (Select all that apply.) A. Use of antibiotics B. Vesicoureteral reflux C. Structural deviations D. Excessive oral fluid intake E. Renal scarring Rationale: The causes of UTIs include structural deviations, renal scarring, and vesicoureteral reflux. Excessive oral fluid intake or use of antibiotics does not cause UTIs. The nurse is caring for a client with pyelonephritis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess in the client? (Select all that apply.) A. Fever B. Enuresis C. Flank pain D. Vomiting E. Dysuria Rationale: Clinical manifestations that occur with pyelonephritis include fever, vomiting, and flank pain. Enuresis and dysuria occur with cystitis. The nurse is teaching the parents of an 18-month-old female toddler with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which should be included in the teaching to prevent the future risk of a UTI? A. Increase the child's fluid intake. B. Increase the child's intake of vitamin C. C. Cleanse the perineal area front to back. D. Provide the child with a daily cup of low-sugar cranberry juice. Rationale: The incidence of UTIs in toddlers and children is higher among girls than boys because the shorter female urethra has a closer proximity to the anus and vagina, increasing the risk of contamination by fecal bacteria. When cleansing the perineal area, it is important to wipe from front to back to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Adequate fluids should be provided to prevent dehydration. Two daily cups of low-sugar cranberry juice and increased vitamin C is recommended to prevent UTIs in adults. A client asks which fluids to avoid in light of repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which food should the nurse teach the client to avoid? (Select all that apply.) A. Citrus juices B. Cranberry juice C. Coffee D. Alcoholic beverages E. Milk Rationale: Avoiding citrus juices, alcoholic beverages, and coffee can help prevent UTIs. Caffeine, citrus juices, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners irritate bladder mucosa and the detrusor muscle and can increase urgency and bladder spasms. Increasing the intake of cranberry juice, not avoiding it, can help prevent UTIs because it acidifies the urine. Milk intake has no known effect in preventing UTIs. Which topic is important to include in the home care teaching for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI)? (Select all that apply.) A. Adequate fluid consumption B. Proper nutrition C. Voiding every 5 to 6 hours D. Good hygiene methods E. Wearing polyester underwear Rationale: Home care teaching for a client with a UTI includes information about good hygiene methods, proper nutrition, and adequate fluid consumption. Increased fluids dilute the urine, reducing irritation of the inflamed bladder and urethral mucosa. Instruct women to cleanse the perineal area from front to back after voiding and defecating, to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Teach clients to void and wash the perineal area before and after sexual intercourse to flush out bacteria introduced into the urethra and bladder. Teach measures to maintain the integrity of perineal tissues, such as avoiding bubble baths, feminine hygiene sprays, and vaginal douches, and wearing cotton briefs rather than underwear made from synthetic materials. Frequent voiding (every 3dash4 hours) is encouraged. The nurse is teaching a female client about the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which information should the nurse include? A. "Void after intercourse." B. "Wash the perineum after intercourse." C. "Avoid bubble baths." D. "Empty the bladder every 2 hours." Rationale: The information the nurse should include in the teaching about preventing UTIs is to avoid bubble baths. Avoiding bubble baths helps to maintain the integrity of the perineum. Clients should void and wash the perineum before and after intercourse. The bladder should be emptied every 3dash4 hours. The nurse is caring for a postpartum client. Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to integrate into the plan of care to prevent a urinary tract infection (UTI)? A. "Increase fluid intake." B. "Change peri pads every 4 hours." C. "Use an antiseptic preparation after voiding." D. "Empty the bladder completely." Rationale: The postpartum woman is at an increased risk of developing urinary tract problems caused by normal postpartum diuresis, increased bladder capacity, and decreased bladder sensitivity from stretching or trauma. These factors make it essential for the mother to empty her bladder completely with each voiding. Fluid intake is important, but it is not related to the main cause of UTIs in the postpartum period. Peri pads should be changed every time the client voids, followed by perineal cleansing before placement of a new pad. Antiseptic solutions are not used on the perineum of a postpartum client.
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